Pisces Conservation Ltd . Technical Evaluation of US Environmental Protection Agency

Contents INTROD UCTI ON 1 Backgro und 1 Analy tical and historical notes 1 2 LOCATION 3 Proposed delineation ofocean and estuarine areas 3 Proposed level of p rotection in estuarine and non-estuarine waters 4 The effects ofintakes within and outside the littoral zone 5 3 FLO\V AN D VO LUM E 7 Effects of volume p ump ed on fi sh impi ngement and entrainment 7 The choice of2 to 30 million gallons p er day thresholds 11 Flow restrictions based on size of so urce waterbo dies 12 4 VE LOC ITY 14 The detection ofintakes by fi sh. 15 Swimming speed and intake velocity 15 Direction and the f low characteristics ofthe screen 16 Which fis h cannot sustain 0.5 f eet p er second? 17 A summary of the p roblems with the 0.5 fe et p er second criterion 19 5 ADDITi ONA L DESi GN AN D CONSTRUC TiON T ECH NOLOGiES 20 Techniques to maximi se survival ofimpinged fis h 20 Technologies that minimise f ish impingement and entrainment 20 Passive systems-wedge wire screens-fi lter beds etc 22 An examp le of the p lanned appli cation ofmitigation technology. Effec ts at the ecosystem leve!.